Konstruksi Diagram Ladder Dengan Metode Huffman untuk Crude Palm Oil PRocess

Crude Palm Oil Process adalah proses pengolahan kelapa sawit menjadi bahan siap pakai seperti minyak goreng, yang diproses pada suatu industri. Proses pada pabrik, akan menggunakan teknologi yang bernama PLC. PLC (Programable Logic Control) adalah suatu komponen yang mampu melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan terprogram dengan akurat, tanpa menggunakan bantuan manusia. Cara kerja PLC sEndiri yaitu dengan menerima suatu masukan dari luar dan mengolah masukan tersebut dengan keluaran yang telah terprogram. Program yang digunakan PLC ada bermacam-macam yaitu, Function Block, Ladder Diagram, dan Statement List. Ladder Diagram pada Crude Palm Oil Process digunakan untuk mempermudah proses pengolahan plant melalui sistem otomasi. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan Ladder yang digunakan memiliki jumlah baris program yang cukup panjang dan memperlambat proses kerja dari sistem. Untuk mengatasi hal itu, maka digunakan suatu metode perancangan Ladder Diagram yang mampu memberikan hasil rancangan yang tidak kompleks serta akurat. Salah satu metode tersebut adalah metode Huffman. Metode Huffman adalah suatu metode perancangan Ladder Diagram yang menggunakan K-map untuk memberikan program Ladder Diagram yang tidak kompleks dan akurat. ============ Crude Palm Oil Process is a process of processing palm oil into readymade materials such as cooking oil, which is processed in an industry. Process at the factory, will use a technology called PLC. PLC (Programable Logic Control) is a component capable of performing an accurately programmed work, without the use of human assistance. The way the PLC works itself is by receiving an input from the outside and processing the input with the programmed output. Programs used by PLC there are various that is, Function Block, Ladder Diagram, and Statement List. Ladder Diagram on Crude Palm Oil Process is used to facilitate the processing of plant through automation system. However, did not rule out the Ladder used has a number of program lines long enough and slow down the work of the system. To overcome this, then used a Ladder Diagram design method that is able to provide results that are not complex and accurate design. One such method is the Huffman method. Huffman method is a design method Ladder Diagram that uses K-map to provide Ladder Diagram program that is not complex and accurate

Numerical Simulation of Steady Supercavitating Flows

In this research, the Supercavitation phenomenon in compressible liquid flows is simulated. The one-fluid method based on a new exact two-phase Riemann solver is used for modeling. The cavitation is considered as an isothermal process and a consistent equation of state with the physical behavior of the water is used. High speed flow of water over a cylinder and a projectile are simulated and the results are compared with the previous numerical and experimental results. The cavitation bubble profile in both cases agrees well with the previous experimental results reported in the literature. As the result shows, coupling the two-phase Riemann solver with the considered EOS prepares a robust method for simulating the compressible fluid flow with cavitation which can undertake the whole physical behavior of water in a supercavitation process. Furthermore, the influence of the cavitator head and the flow speed on the supercavitation bubble is explored. The results show that cavitators with sharper head results in a smaller supercavitating bubble. Increasing the flow speed beyond a specific limit does not have any significant effect on the cavitation bubble and slightly increases the bubble size

On fuzzy fractional Laplace transformation

Fuzzy and fractional differential equations are used to model problems with uncertainty and memory. Using the fractional fuzzy Laplace transformation we have solved the fuzzy fractional eigenvalue differential equation. By illustrative examples we have shown the results

Abdominal surgical site infections: incidence and risk factors at an Iranian teaching hospital

BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgical site infections are among the most common complications of inpatient admissions and have serious consequences for outcomes and costs. Different risk factors may be involved, including age, sex, nutrition and immunity, prophylactic antibiotics, operation type and duration, type of shaving, and secondary infections. This study aimed to determine the risk factors affecting abdominal surgical site infections and their incidence at Imam Khomeini, a major referral teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS: Patients (n = 802) who had undergone abdominal surgery were studied and the relationships among variables were analyzed by Student's t and Chi-square tests. The subjects were followed for 30 days and by a 20-item questionnaire. Data were collected through pre- and post-operative examinations and telephone follow-ups. RESULTS: Of the 802 patients, 139 suffered from SSI (17.4%). In 40.8% of the cases, the wound was dirty infected. The average age for the patients was 46.7 years. The operations were elective in 75.7% of the cases and 24.7% were urgent. The average duration of the operation was 2.24 hours, the average duration of pre-operative hospital stay 4.31 days and the average length of (pre- and post-operation) hospital stay 11.2 days. Three quarters of the cases were shaved 12 hours before the operation. The increased operation time, increased bed stay, electivity of the operation, septicity of the wound, type of incision, the administration of prophylactic antibiotic, type of operation, background disease, and the increased time lapse between shaving and operation all significantly associated with SSI with a p-value less than 0.001. CONCLUSION: In view of the high rate of SSI reported here (17.4% compared with the 14% quoted in literature), this study suggests that by reducing the average operation time to less than 2 hours, the average preoperative stay to 4 days and the overall stay to less than 11 days, and approximating the timing of shaving to the operation and substituting cefazolin for cefaluthin when prophylactic antibiotic is to be administered, the SSI may be reduced to a more acceptable level

Application of ANNs approach for wave-like and heat-like equations

Artificial neural networks are data processing systems which originate from human brain tissue studies. The remarkable abilities of these networks help us to derive desired results from complicated raw data. In this study, we intend to duplicate an efficient iterative method to the numerical solution of two famous partial differential equations, namely the wave-like and heat-like problems. It should be noted that many physical phenomena such as coupling currents in a flat multi-strand two-layer super conducting cable, non-homogeneous elastic waves in soils and earthquake stresses, are described by initial-boundary value wave and heat partial differential equations with variable coefficients. To the numerical solution of these equations, a combination of the power series method and artificial neural networks approach, is used to seek an appropriate bivariate polynomial solution of the mentioned initial-boundary value problem. Finally, several computer simulations confirmed the theoretical results and demonstrating applicability of the method

A novel multi-objective co-evolutionary approach for supply chain gap analysis with consideration of uncertainties

Supply chain gap analysis is a practical method for quantitatively measuring the gap between the current state and a desired/ideal state in a supply chain, and generating a list of corrective actions to eliminate this gap and reach a desired/ideal level in supply chain goals. We propose a novel multi-objective co-evolutionary approach for supply chain gap analysis by hybridizing two well-known algorithms of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The proposed algorithm considers the best solution of NSGAII at each iteration and uses it as the initial population in MOPSO. We consider three objective functions, including the expected costs, the total time, and customer satisfaction. The house of quality and quality function deployment is used to transform customer requirements into product characteristics. We also use a response surface methodology with multi-objective decision making for tuning the parameters since metaheuristic methods are generally sensitive to input parameters. We finally generate several random problems with different scenarios to compare the performance of our hybrid approach with singular methods. Five performance measures (i.e., mean ideal distance, diversification metric, quality metric, data envelopment analysis, and hypervolume metric) are used for this comparison. The results show the hybrid approach proposed in this study outperforms singular NSGAII and MOPSO metaheuristics in most scenarios

Vehicle routing problem in cross-dock using genetic algorithm, Case: Iran Khodro company.

Cross-docking is one of the lean logistics tools that is used for uniting the shipments during the loops replacement. Cross-docking is the process of product movement form distribution centers without storage function. Vehicle routing problem in Cross-Dock external environment has much influence on cross-dock costs. This paper provides a model for minimizing total distance traveled by vehicles in the external environment of a cross-dock. In this paper, Vehicles routes was modeled with capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to solve the model. To validate responses obtained by GA, simulated annealing (SA) was used. Also, to evaluate the efficacy of two algorithms (SA & GA) in different CVRP problems in cross-dock, 10 problems with different dimensions are evaluated. The results show that in problems with smaller size GA is more efficient, whereas in large size problems SA is more efficien

On Fuzzy Fractional Laplace Transformation

Fuzzy and fractional differential equations are used to model problems with uncertainty and memory. Using the fractional fuzzy Laplace transformation we have solved the fuzzy fractional eigenvalue differential equation. By illustrative examples we have shown the results